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A perfect magic cube is a magic cube for which the rows, columns, pillars, space diagonals, and diagonals of each n×n orthogonal slice sum to the same number (i.e., the magic ...

Let a particle travel a distance s(t) as a function of time t (here, s can be thought of as the arc length of the curve traced out by the particle). The speed (the scalar ...

Gauge theory studies principal bundle connections, called gauge fields, on a principal bundle. These connections correspond to fields, in physics, such as an electromagnetic ...

For omega a differential (k-1)-form with compact support on an oriented k-dimensional manifold with boundary M, int_Mdomega=int_(partialM)omega, (1) where domega is the ...

Abstractly, a spatial configuration F is said to possess rotational symmetry if F remains invariant under the group C=C(F). Here, C(F) denotes the group of rotations of F and ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...

A triangle is a 3-sided polygon sometimes (but not very commonly) called the trigon. Every triangle has three sides and three angles, some of which may be the same. The sides ...

An affine tensor is a tensor that corresponds to certain allowable linear coordinate transformations, T:x^_^i=a^i_jx^j, where the determinant of a^i_j is nonzero. This ...

A bilinear form on a real vector space is a function b:V×V->R that satisfies the following axioms for any scalar alpha and any choice of vectors v,w,v_1,v_2,w_1, and w_2. 1. ...

A Cartesian tensor is a tensor in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Unlike general tensors, there is no distinction between covariant and contravariant indices for Cartesian ...