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A function is said to be modular (or "elliptic modular") if it satisfies: 1. f is meromorphic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f(Atau)=f(tau) for every matrix A in the modular ...

A nonnegative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a nonnegative number, i.e., a_(ij)>=0 for all i, j. Nonnegative matrices are ...

A "squashed" spheroid for which the equatorial radius a is greater than the polar radius c, so a>c (called an oblate ellipsoid by Tietze 1965, p. 27). An oblate spheroid is a ...

For every positive integer n, there is a unique finite sequence of distinct nonconsecutive (not necessarily positive) integers k_1, ..., k_m such that ...

The field of all rational and irrational numbers is called the real numbers, or simply the "reals," and denoted R. The set of real numbers is also called the continuum, ...

A set T of integers is said to be recursively enumerable if it constitutes the range of a recursive function, i.e., if there exists a recursive function that can eventually ...

A simple continued fraction is a special case of a generalized continued fraction for which the partial numerators are equal to unity, i.e., a_n=1 for all n=1, 2, .... A ...

A curve which may pass through any region of three-dimensional space, as contrasted to a plane curve which must lie in a single plane. Von Staudt (1847) classified space ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

The Fibonacci numbers are the sequence of numbers {F_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-2) (1) with F_1=F_2=1. As a result of the ...