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Modus tollens is a valid argument form in propositional calculus in which p and q are propositions. If p implies q, and q is false, then p is false. Also known as an indirect ...

Given a sequence {a_i}_(i=1)^N, an n-moving average is a new sequence {s_i}_(i=1)^(N-n+1) defined from the a_i by taking the arithmetic mean of subsequences of n terms, ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

A predicate in logic equivalent to the composition NOT OR that yields false if any condition is true, and true if all conditions are false. A NOR B is equivalent to !(A v B), ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

Let pi_n(x)=product_(k=0)^n(x-x_k), (1) then f(x)=f_0+sum_(k=1)^npi_(k-1)(x)[x_0,x_1,...,x_k]+R_n, (2) where [x_1,...] is a divided difference, and the remainder is ...

The theory of natural numbers defined by the five Peano's axioms. Paris and Harrington (1977) gave the first "natural" example of a statement which is true for the integers ...

A graphical plot with abscissa given by the number p of consecutive numbers constituting a single period and ordinate given by the correlation ratio eta. The equation of the ...

The truth of an infinite sequence of propositions P_i for i=1, ..., infty is established if (1) P_1 is true, and (2) P_k implies P_(k+1) for all k. This principle is ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...