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An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

There are a number of attractive polyhedron compounds consisting of five octahedra. The first octahedron 5-compound is a polyhedron compound composed of five octahedra ...

The standard deviation sigma of a probability distribution is defined as the square root of the variance sigma^2, sigma = sqrt(<x^2>-<x>^2) (1) = sqrt(mu_2^'-mu^2), (2) where ...

Consider a function f(x) in one dimension. If f(x) has a relative extremum at x_0, then either f^'(x_0)=0 or f is not differentiable at x_0. Either the first or second ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

A sequential substitution system is a substitution system in which a string is scanned from left to right for the first occurrence of the first rule pattern. If the pattern ...

The so-called explicit formula psi(x)=x-sum_(rho)(x^rho)/rho-ln(2pi)-1/2ln(1-x^(-2)) gives an explicit relation between prime numbers and Riemann zeta function zeros for x>1 ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind phi(x)=f(x)+lambdaint_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt (1) may be solved as follows. Take phi_0(x) = f(x) (2) phi_1(x) = ...

Solution of a system of second-order homogeneous ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients of the form (d^2x)/(dt^2)+bx=0, where b is a positive definite ...

The Cunningham function, sometimes also called the Pearson-Cunningham function, can be expressed using Whittaker functions (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 353). ...