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There are two definitions of the Carmichael function. One is the reduced totient function (also called the least universal exponent function), defined as the smallest integer ...

An n×n matrix whose rows are composed of cyclically shifted versions of a length-n list l. For example, the 4×4 circulant matrix on the list l={1,2,3,4} is given by C=[4 1 2 ...

A circumhyperbola is a circumconic that is a hyperbola. A rectangular circumhyperbola always passes through the orthocenter H and has center on the nine-point circle ...

A method of computing the determinant of a square matrix due to Charles Dodgson (1866) (who is more famous under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll). The method is useful for hand ...

A reduction system is called confluent (or globally confluent) if, for all x, u, and w such that x->_*u and x->_*w, there exists a z such that u->_*z and w->_*z. A reduction ...

A complete set of mutually conjugate group elements. Each element in a group belongs to exactly one class, and the identity element (I=1) is always in its own class. The ...

A set in R^n which can be reduced to one of its points, say P, by a continuous deformation, is said to be contractible. The transformation is such that each point of the set ...

A curtate cycloid, sometimes also called a contracted cycloid, is the path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b<a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle. Curtate ...

The detour polynomial of a graph G is the characteristic polynomial of the detour matrix of G. Precomputed detour polynomials for many named graphs are available in the ...

A dipyramid, also called a bipyramid, consists of two pyramids symmetrically placed base-to-base. The dipyramids are duals of the regular prisms. Their skeletons are the ...