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A right angle is an angle equal to half the angle from one end of a line segment to the other. A right angle is pi/2 radians or 90 degrees. A triangle containing a right ...

A ruled surface is called a right conoid if it can be generated by moving a straight line intersecting a fixed straight line such that the lines are always perpendicular ...

In a noncommutative ring R, a right ideal is a subset I which is an additive subgroup of R and such that for all r in R and all a in I, ar in I. (1) For all a in R, the set ...

A circle packing is called rigid (or "stable") if every circle is fixed by its neighbors, i.e., no circle can be translated without disturbing other circles of the packing ...

The d-dimensional rigidity matrix M(G) of a graph G with vertex count n, edge count m in the variables v_i=(x_1,...,x_d) is the m×(dn) matrix with rows indexed by the edges ...

If the faces of a convex polyhedron were made of metal plates and the polyhedron edges were replaced by hinges, the polyhedron would be rigid. The theorem was stated by ...

A ring homomorphism is a map f:R->S between two rings such that 1. Addition is preserved:f(r_1+r_2)=f(r_1)+f(r_2), 2. The zero element is mapped to zero: f(0_R)=0_S, and 3. ...

Given a commutative unit ring R, and an R-module M, a sequence {x_1,...,x_n} of elements of R is called a regular sequence for M (or an M-sequence for short), if, for all ...

The spectrum of a ring is the set of proper prime ideals, Spec(R)={p:p is a prime ideal in R}. (1) The classical example is the spectrum of polynomial rings. For instance, ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = (c+acosv)cosu (1) y = (c+acosv)sinu (2) z = asinv (3) with c>a. This is the torus which is generally ...