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Turmites, also called turning machines, are 2-dimensional Turing machines in which the "tape" consists of a grid of spaces that can be written and erased by an active ...

The universal cover of a connected topological space X is a simply connected space Y with a map f:Y->X that is a covering map. If X is simply connected, i.e., has a trivial ...

A vector bundle is special class of fiber bundle in which the fiber is a vector space V. Technically, a little more is required; namely, if f:E->B is a bundle with fiber R^n, ...

A (-1,1)-matrix is a matrix whose elements consist only of the numbers -1 or 1. For an n×n (-1,1)-matrix, the largest possible determinants (Hadamard's maximum determinant ...

3 is the only integer which is the sum of the preceding positive integers (1+2=3) and the only number which is the sum of the factorials of the preceding positive integers ...

Abel's integral is the definite integral I = int_0^infty(tdt)/((e^(pit)-e^(-pit))(t^2+1)) (1) = 1/2int_(-infty)^infty(tdt)/((e^(pit)-e^(-pit))(t^2+1)) (2) = ...

The inequality sinAsinBsinC<=((3sqrt(3))/(2pi))^3ABC, where A, B, and C are the vertex angles of a triangle. The maximum is reached for an equilateral triangle (and therefore ...

The abundancy of a number n is defined as the ratio sigma(n)/n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few values are 1, 3/2, 4/3, 7/4, 6/5, 2, ...

An acyclic graph is a graph having no graph cycles. Acyclic graphs are bipartite. A connected acyclic graph is known as a tree, and a possibly disconnected acyclic graph is ...

Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...