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Fredholm's theorem states that, if A is an m×n matrix, then the orthogonal complement of the row space of A is the null space of A, and the orthogonal complement of the ...

A graded algebra over the integers Z. Cohomology of a space is a graded ring.

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. The space of all characters on A is called the maximal ideal space (or character space) of A. This space equipped with the ...

A nonsimply connected 3-manifold, also called a dodecahedral space.

The hypothesis is that, for X is a measure space, f_n(x)->f(x) for each x in X, as n->infty. The hypothesis may be weakened to almost everywhere convergence.

A smooth manifold with a Poisson bracket defined on its function space.

A local-ringed space which is locally isomorphic to an affine scheme.

A topological space is second countable if it has a countable topological basis.

The continuous image of a Polish space, also called an analytic set.

Turmites, also called turning machines, are 2-dimensional Turing machines in which the "tape" consists of a grid of spaces that can be written and erased by an active ...