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Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

Significance arithmetic is the arithmetic of approximate numerical quantities that not only keeps track of numerical results, but also uses error propagation to track their ...

The modification of a set of data to make it smooth and nearly continuous and remove or diminish outlying points.

If a random variable X has a chi-squared distribution with m degrees of freedom (chi_m^2) and a random variable Y has a chi-squared distribution with n degrees of freedom ...

A spatial point process is a point process which models data that is localized at a discrete set of locations in space or, more specifically, on a plane.

Define the notation [n]f_0=f_(-(n-1)/2)+...+f_0+...+f_((n-1)/2) (1) and let delta be the central difference, so delta^2f_0=f_1-2f_0+f_(-1). (2) Spencer's 21-term moving ...

Stable distributions are a class of probability distributions allowing skewness and heavy tails (Rimmer and Nolan 2005). They are described by an index of stability (also ...

For two random variates X and Y, the correlation is defined bY cor(X,Y)=(cov(X,Y))/(sigma_Xsigma_Y), (1) where sigma_X denotes standard deviation and cov(X,Y) is the ...

Doob (1996) defines a stochastic process as a family of random variables {x(t,-),t in J} from some probability space (S,S,P) into a state space (S^',S^'). Here, J is the ...

The sequence of variates X_i with corresponding means mu_i obeys the strong law of large numbers if, to every pair epsilon,delta>0, there corresponds an N such that there is ...