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The composite number problem asks if for a given positive integer N there exist positive integers m and n such that N=mn. The complexity of the composite number problem was ...

Every finite group G of order greater than one possesses a finite series of subgroups, called a composition series, such that I<|H_s<|...<|H_2<|H_1<|G, where H_(i+1) is a ...

Let P be the principal (initial investment), r be the annual compounded rate, i^((n)) the "nominal rate," n be the number of times interest is compounded per year (i.e., the ...

A number which can be computed to any number of digits desired by a Turing machine. Surprisingly, most irrationals are not computable numbers!

A computation is an operation that begins with some initial conditions and gives an output which follows from a definite set of rules. The most common example are ...

Computation time (also called "running time") is the length of time required to perform a computational process. Representation a computation as a sequence of rule ...

The computational paradigm is a term introduced by Wolfram (2002, 2021) to describe the idea of using simple programs rather than mathematical equations (the latter of which ...

Some computations allow shortcuts which can be used to speed them up. Consider the operation of raising a number to a positive integer power. It is possible, for example, to ...

Two geometric figures are said to be concentric if their centers coincide. The region between two concentric circles is called an annulus. The following table summarizes some ...

In machine learning theory and artificial intelligence, a concept c over a domain X is a Boolean function c:X->{0,1}. A collection of concepts is called a concept class. In ...