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A strong pseudoprime to a base a is an odd composite number n with n-1=d·2^s (for d odd) for which either a^d=1 (mod n) (1) or a^(d·2^r)=-1 (mod n) (2) for some r=0, 1, ..., ...

The tangent function is defined by tanx=(sinx)/(cosx), (1) where sinx is the sine function and cosx is the cosine function. The notation tgx is sometimes also used ...

The triangular number T_n is a figurate number that can be represented in the form of a triangular grid of points where the first row contains a single element and each ...

The Wiener sum index WS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by WS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((d)_(ij))/((Omega)_(ij)), where (d)_(ij) is the graph distance matrix ...

The (unilateral) Z-transform of a sequence {a_k}_(k=0)^infty is defined as Z[{a_k}_(k=0)^infty](z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(a_k)/(z^k). (1) This definition is implemented in the ...

The (unilateral) Z-transform of a sequence {a_k}_(k=0)^infty is defined as Z[{a_k}_(k=0)^infty](z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(a_k)/(z^k). (1) This definition is implemented in the ...

Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

Find the shape of the curve down which a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in the least time. The term ...

A helix, sometimes also called a coil, is a curve for which the tangent makes a constant angle with a fixed line. The shortest path between two points on a cylinder (one not ...

The word net has several meanings in mathematics. It refers to a plane diagram in which the polyhedron edges of a polyhedron are shown, a point set satisfying certain ...