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The numbers 2^npq and 2^nr are an amicable pair if the three integers p = 2^m(2^(n-m)+1)-1 (1) q = 2^n(2^(n-m)+1)-1 (2) r = 2^(n+m)(2^(n-m)+1)^2-1 (3) are all prime numbers ...

A lattice L is said to be oriented if there exists a rule which assigns a specified direction to any edge connecting arbitrary lattice points x_i,x_j in L. In that way, an ...

The sum rule for differentiation states d/(dx)[f(x)+g(x)]=f^'(x)+g^'(x), (1) where d/dx denotes a derivative and f^'(x) and g^'(x) are the derivatives of f(x) and g(x), ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_n=f(x_n). Then Durand's rule approximating the ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_7=f(x_7). Then Hardy's rule approximating the ...

A generalization of the product rule for expressing arbitrary-order derivatives of products of functions, where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. This can also be written ...

A statement about theorems. It usually gives a criterion for getting a new theorem from an old one, either by changing its objects according to a rule (duality principle), or ...

The derivative identity d/(dx)[f(x)g(x)] = lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x))/h (1) = (2) = lim_(h->0)[f(x+h)(g(x+h)-g(x))/h+g(x)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h] (3) = f(x)g^'(x)+g(x)f^'(x), ...

A powerful numerical integration technique which uses k refinements of the extended trapezoidal rule to remove error terms less than order O(N^(-2k)). The routine advocated ...

A usually simple algorithm or identity. The term is frequently applied to specific orders of Newton-Cotes formulas. The designation "rule n" is also given to the nth ...