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Trigonometric functions of pi/p for p prime have an especially complicated Galois-minimal representation. In particular, the case cos(pi/23) requires approximately 500 MB of ...

Given a statistical distribution with measured mean, statistical median, mode, and standard deviation sigma, Pearson's first skewness coefficient, also known as the Pearson ...

A self-organizing data structure which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root. This leaves recently accessed nodes near the top of the tree, making them very ...

A leaf of an unrooted tree is a node of vertex degree 1. Note that for a rooted or planted tree, the root vertex is generally not considered a leaf node, whereas all other ...

A root-finding algorithm used in LU decomposition. It solves the N^2 equations i<j l_(i1)u_(1j)+l_(i2)u_(2j)+...+l_(ii)u_(ij)=a_(ij)i=j ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A normal distribution in a variate X with mean mu and variance sigma^2 is a statistic distribution with probability density function ...

The term "aliquot divisor" is commonly used to mean two distinct but related things. The first definition is a number that divides another exactly. For instance, 1, 2, 3, and ...

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

The nth raw moment mu_n^' (i.e., moment about zero) of a distribution P(x) is defined by mu_n^'=<x^n>, (1) where <f(x)>={sumf(x)P(x) discrete distribution; intf(x)P(x)dx ...