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The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

A principal nth root omega of unity is a root satisfying the equations omega^n=1 and sum_(i=0)^(n-1)omega^(ij)=0 for j=1, 2, ..., n. Therefore, every primitive root of unity ...

A graph G whose line graph is L(G) is called the root graph R(L(G)) of L(G). In order words, R(L(G))=G. The root graph of a connected graph is unique except for K_3=C_3 (the ...

Let f(x) be differentiable on the open interval (a,b) and continuous on the closed interval [a,b]. Then there is at least one point c in (a,b) such that ...

Let a_(n+1) = 1/2(a_n+b_n) (1) b_(n+1) = (2a_nb_n)/(a_n+b_n). (2) Then A(a_0,b_0)=lim_(n->infty)a_n=lim_(n->infty)b_n=sqrt(a_0b_0), (3) which is just the geometric mean.

The Heronian mean of two numbers a and b is defined as HM(a,b) = 1/3(2A+G) (1) = 1/3(a+sqrt(ab)+b), (2) where A is the arithmetic mean and G the geometric mean. It arises in ...

Consider the process of taking a number, taking its digit sum, then adding the digits of numbers derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

The sample mean of a set {x_1,...,x_n} of n observations from a given distribution is defined by m=1/nsum_(k=1)^nx_k. It is an unbiased estimator for the population mean mu. ...

The identric mean is defined by I(a,b)=1/e((b^b)/(a^a))^(1/(b-a)) for a>0, b>0, and a!=b. The identric mean has been investigated intensively and many remarkable inequalities ...

The Stolarsky mean of two numbers a and c is defined by S_p(a,c)=[(a^p-c^p)/(p(a-c))]^(1/(p-1)) (Havil 2003, p. 121).