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Let ||f|| be the supremum of |f(x)|, a real-valued function f defined on (0,infty). If f is twice differentiable and both f and f^('') are bounded, Landau (1913) showed that ...

Orthogonal polynomials are classes of polynomials {p_n(x)} defined over a range [a,b] that obey an orthogonality relation int_a^bw(x)p_m(x)p_n(x)dx=delta_(mn)c_n, (1) where ...

Pre-Algebra

The n-ball, denoted B^n, is the interior of a sphere S^(n-1), and sometimes also called the n-disk. (Although physicists often use the term "sphere" to mean the solid ball, ...

Two circles may intersect in two imaginary points, a single degenerate point, or two distinct points. The intersections of two circles determine a line known as the radical ...

The most general forced form of the Duffing equation is x^..+deltax^.+(betax^3+/-omega_0^2x)=gammacos(omegat+phi). (1) Depending on the parameters chosen, the equation can ...

The goat problem (or bull-tethering problem) considers a fenced circular field of radius a with a goat (or bull, or other animal) tied to a point on the interior or exterior ...

Let A be an n×n real square matrix with n>=2 such that |sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^na_(ij)s_it_j|<=1 (1) for all real numbers s_1, s_2, ..., s_n and t_1, t_2, ..., t_n such that ...

Zygmund (1988, p. 192) noted that there exists a number alpha_0 in (0,1) such that for each alpha>=alpha_0, the partial sums of the series sum_(n=1)^(infty)n^(-alpha)cos(nx) ...

The snub dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid consisting of 92 faces (80 triangular, 12 pentagonal), 150 edges, and 60 vertices. It is sometimes called the dodecahedron simum ...