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The Pierce expansion, or alternated Egyptian product, of a real number 0<x<1 is the unique increasing sequence {a_1,a_2,...} of positive integers a_i such that ...

Hardy and Littlewood (1914) proved that the sequence {frac(x^n)}, where frac(x) is the fractional part, is equidistributed for almost all real numbers x>1 (i.e., the ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

In 1913, Ramanujan asked if the Diophantine equation of second order 2^n-7=x^2, sometimes called the Ramanujan-Nagell equation, has any solutions other than n=3, 4, 5, 7, and ...

The roots (sometimes also called "zeros") of an equation f(x)=0 are the values of x for which the equation is satisfied. Roots x which belong to certain sets are usually ...

By analogy with the sinc function, define the tanc function by tanc(z)={(tanz)/z for z!=0; 1 for z=0. (1) Since tanz/z is not a cardinal function, the "analogy" with the sinc ...

Let Xi be the xi-function defined by Xi(iz)=1/2(z^2-1/4)pi^(-z/2-1/4)Gamma(1/2z+1/4)zeta(z+1/2). (1) Xi(z/2)/8 can be viewed as the Fourier transform of the signal ...

Goldbach's original conjecture (sometimes called the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture), written in a June 7, 1742 letter to Euler, states "at least it seems that every number ...

The delta function is a generalized function that can be defined as the limit of a class of delta sequences. The delta function is sometimes called "Dirac's delta function" ...

The Lorenz attractor is an attractor that arises in a simplified system of equations describing the two-dimensional flow of fluid of uniform depth H, with an imposed ...