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A diagonal of a square matrix which is traversed in the "southeast" direction. "The" diagonal (or "main diagonal," or "principal diagonal," or "leading diagonal") of an n×n ...

The distribution parameter of a noncylindrical ruled surface parameterized by x(u,v)=sigma(u)+vdelta(u), (1) where sigma is the striction curve and delta the director curve, ...

The ending of a game in which neither of two players wins, sometimes also called a "tie." A game in which no draw is possible is called a categorical game.

Given a contravariant basis {e^->_1,...,e^->_n}, its dual covariant basis is given by e^->^alpha·e^->_beta=g(e^->^alpha,e^->_beta)=delta_beta^alpha, where g is the metric and ...

Let A, B, and C be three polar vectors, and define V_(ijk) = |A_i B_i C_i; A_j B_j C_j; A_k B_k C_k| (1) = det[A B C], (2) where det is the determinant. The V_(ijk) is a ...

An equilateral polygon is a polygon whose edges are all of equal length (Williams 1979, pp. 31-32). The most prominent examples of equilateral polygons are the regular ...

A ring without zero divisors in which an integer norm and an associated division algorithm (i.e., a Euclidean algorithm) can be defined. For signed integers, the usual norm ...

For signed distances on a line segment, AB^_·CD^_+AC^_·DB^_+AD^_·BC^_=0, since (b-a)(d-c)+(c-a)(b-d)+(d-a)(c-b)=0.

Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

If the tangents at B and C to the circumcircle of a triangle DeltaABC intersect in a point K_1, then the circle with center K_1 and which passes through B and C is called the ...