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Count the number of lattice points N(r) inside the boundary of a circle of radius r with center at the origin. The exact solution is given by the sum N(r) = ...

A Pisot number is a positive algebraic integer greater than 1 all of whose conjugate elements have absolute value less than 1. A real quadratic algebraic integer greater than ...

Salem constants, sometimes also called Salem numbers, are a set of numbers of which each point of a Pisot number is a limit point from both sides (Salem 1945). The Salem ...

An nth-rank tensor in m-dimensional space is a mathematical object that has n indices and m^n components and obeys certain transformation rules. Each index of a tensor ranges ...

The Balaban 10-cage is one of the three (3,10)-cage graphs (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 272). The Balaban (3,10)-cage was the first known example of a 10-cage (Balaban 1973, ...

A dragon curve is a recursive nonintersecting curve whose name derives from its resemblance to a certain mythical creature. The curve can be constructed by representing a ...

The Folkman graph is a semisymmetric graph that has the minimum possible number of nodes (20) (Skiena 1990, p. 186). It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The Gray graph is a cubic semisymmetric graph on 54 vertices. It was discovered by Marion C. Gray in 1932, and was first published by Bouwer (1968). Malnič et al. (2002) ...

An ideal is a subset I of elements in a ring R that forms an additive group and has the property that, whenever x belongs to R and y belongs to I, then xy and yx belong to I. ...

The Koch snowflake is a fractal curve, also known as the Koch island, which was first described by Helge von Koch in 1904. It is built by starting with an equilateral ...