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A weighted graph in which the weights are equal to the Euclidean lengths of the edges in a specified embedding (Skiena 1990, pp. 201 and 252).

The group of rotations and translations.

A ring without zero divisors in which an integer norm and an associated division algorithm (i.e., a Euclidean algorithm) can be defined. For signed integers, the usual norm ...

A metric topology induced by the Euclidean metric. In the Euclidean topology of the n-dimensional space R^n, the open sets are the unions of n-balls. On the real line this ...

For any two integers a and b, suppose d|ab. Then if d is relatively prime to a, then d divides b. This results appeared in Euclid's Elements, Book VII, Proposition 30. This ...

An array of "trees" of unit height located at integer-coordinate points in a point lattice. When viewed from a corner along the line y=x in normal perspective, a quadrant of ...

The partial differential equation u_(xy)+(alphau_x-betau_y)/(x-y)=0.

The derivative (deltaL)/(deltaq)=(partialL)/(partialq)-d/(dt)((partialL)/(partialq^.)) appearing in the Euler-Lagrange differential equation.

Let U(P,Q) and V(P,Q) be Lucas sequences generated by P and Q, and define D=P^2-4Q. (1) Then {U_((n-(D/n))/2)=0 (mod n) when (Q/n)=1; V_((n-(D/n))/2)=D (mod n) when (Q/n)=-1, ...

The partial differential equation u_(xy)+(N(u_x+u_y))/(x+y)=0.