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Let pi_(m,n)(x) denote the number of primes <=x which are congruent to n modulo m (i.e., the modular prime counting function). Then one might expect that ...

Complex analysis is the study of complex numbers together with their derivatives, manipulation, and other properties. Complex analysis is an extremely powerful tool with an ...

The absolute value of a real number x is denoted |x| and defined as the "unsigned" portion of x, |x| = xsgn(x) (1) = {-x for x<=0; x for x>=0, (2) where sgn(x) is the sign ...

The application of an apodization function.

A space-filling function.

For any system that seeks to minimize a function, only seven different local forms of catastrophe "typically" occur for four or fewer variables: 1. Fold catastrophe, 2. Cusp ...

There are at least two theorems known as Chebyshev's theorem. The first is Bertrand's postulate, proposed by Bertrand in 1845 and proved by Chebyshev using elementary methods ...

The three circles theorem, also called Hadamard's three circles theorem (Edwards 2001, p. 187), states that if f is an analytic function in the annulus 0<r_1<|z|<r_2<infty, ...

A *-algebra A of operators on a Hilbert space H is said to act nondegenerately if whenever Txi=0 for all T in A, it necessarily implies that xi=0. Algebras A which act ...

The distribution for the sum X_1+X_2+...+X_n of n uniform variates on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as (1) where delta(x) is a delta function. A more elegant ...