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Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates for which several different notations are commonly used. In this work (u,v,phi) is used, whereas Arfken (1970) uses (xi,eta,phi) and Moon ...

Toroidal functions are a class of functions also called ring functions that appear in systems having toroidal symmetry. Toroidal functions can be expressed in terms of the ...

The functions (also called the circular functions) comprising trigonometry: the cosecant cscx, cosine cosx, cotangent cotx, secant secx, sine sinx, and tangent tanx. However, ...

Truncation is the removal of portions of solids falling outside a set of symmetrically placed planes. The operation implemented as Truncate[polyhedron, r] in the Wolfram ...

The upper half-plane is the portion of the complex plane {x+iy:x,y in (-infty,infty)} satisfying y=I[z]>0 i.e., {x+iy:x in (-infty,infty),y in (0,infty)}. Common notations ...

Delta(x_1,...,x_n) = |1 x_1 x_1^2 ... x_1^(n-1); 1 x_2 x_2^2 ... x_2^(n-1); | | | ... |; 1 x_n x_n^2 ... x_n^(n-1)| (1) = product_(i,j; i>j)(x_i-x_j) (2) (Sharpe 1987). For ...

Vardi's integral is the beautiful definite integral int_(pi/4)^(pi/2)lnlntanxdx = pi/2ln[sqrt(2pi)(Gamma(3/4))/(Gamma(1/4))] (1) = pi/4ln[(4pi^3)/(Gamma^4(1/4))] (2) = ...

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...

An ascending chain of subspaces of a vector space. If V is an n-dimensional vector space, a flag of V is a filtration V_0 subset V_1 subset ... subset V_r, (1) where all ...