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Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that n is in D, one can show that n+1 is also in D. ...

A Euclidean-like space having line element ds^2=(dz^1)^2+...+(dz^p)^2-(dz^(p+1))^2-...-(dz^(p+q))^2, having dimension m=p+q (Rosen 1965). In contrast, the signs would be all ...

A retraction is a continuous map of a space onto a subspace leaving each point of the subspace fixed. Alternatively, retraction can refer to withdrawal of a paper containing ...

A proof or demonstration is said to be rigorous if the validity of each step and the connections between the steps is explicitly made clear in such a way that the result ...

Two distinct point pairs AC and BD separate each other if A, B, C, and D lie on a circle (or line) in such order that either of the arcs (or the line segment AC) contains one ...

The engineering terminology for one use of Fourier transforms. By breaking up a wave pulse into its frequency spectrum f_nu=F(nu)e^(2piinut), (1) the entire signal can be ...

The dilogarithm Li_2(z) is a special case of the polylogarithm Li_n(z) for n=2. Note that the notation Li_2(x) is unfortunately similar to that for the logarithmic integral ...

A finite field is a field with a finite field order (i.e., number of elements), also called a Galois field. The order of a finite field is always a prime or a power of a ...

The word net has several meanings in mathematics. It refers to a plane diagram in which the polyhedron edges of a polyhedron are shown, a point set satisfying certain ...

A partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation involving functions and their partial derivatives; for example, the wave equation ...