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In a monoid or multiplicative group where the operation is a product ·, the multiplicative inverse of any element g is the element g^(-1) such that g·g^(-1)=g^(-1)·g=1, with ...

A permutation matrix is a matrix obtained by permuting the rows of an n×n identity matrix according to some permutation of the numbers 1 to n. Every row and column therefore ...

For |q|<1, the Rogers-Ramanujan identities are given by (Hardy 1999, pp. 13 and 90), sum_(n=0)^(infty)(q^(n^2))/((q)_n) = 1/(product_(n=1)^(infty)(1-q^(5n-4))(1-q^(5n-1))) ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...

The trivial group, denoted E or <e>, sometimes also called the identity group, is the unique (up to isomorphism) group containing exactly one element e, the identity element. ...

There are a number of algebraic identities involving sets of four vectors. An identity known as Lagrange's identity is given by (AxB)·(CxD)=(A·C)(B·D)-(A·D)(B·C) (1) ...

The vector triple product identity is also known as the BAC-CAB identity, and can be written in the form Ax(BxC) = B(A·C)-C(A·B) (1) (AxB)xC = -Cx(AxB) (2) = -A(B·C)+B(A·C). ...

The identity element of an additive monoid or group or of any other algebraic structure (e.g., ring, module, abstract vector space, algebra) equipped with an addition. It is ...

A zero matrix is an m×n matrix consisting of all 0s (MacDuffee 1943, p. 27), denoted 0. Zero matrices are sometimes also known as null matrices (Akivis and Goldberg 1972, p. ...

A general quadratic Diophantine equation in two variables x and y is given by ax^2+cy^2=k, (1) where a, c, and k are specified (positive or negative) integers and x and y are ...