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Analytic number theory is the branch of number theory which uses real and complex analysis to investigate various properties of integers and prime numbers. Examples of topics ...

The number of "arrangements" in an ordering of n items is given by either a combination (order is ignored) or a permutation (order is significant). An ordering (or order) is ...

The set lambda of linear Möbius transformations w which satisfy w(t)=(at+b)/(ct+d), where a and d are odd and b and c are even. lambda is a subgroup of the modular group ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)-(x^2+n^2)y=0. (1) The solutions are the modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma, sometimes also called 'Euler's constant' or 'the Euler constant' (but not to be confused with the constant e=2.718281...) is defined as ...

A pentagon is a five-sided polygon. Several special types of pentagons are illustrated above. In particular, a pentagon with vertices equally spaced around a circle and with ...

Lagrange's continued fraction theorem, proved by Lagrange in 1770, states that any positive quadratic surd sqrt(a) has a regular continued fraction which is periodic after ...

The polynomials G_n(x;a,b) given by the associated Sheffer sequence with f(t)=e^(at)(e^(bt)-1), (1) where b!=0. The inverse function (and therefore generating function) ...

There are several types of integrals which go under the name of a "Dirichlet integral." The integral D[u]=int_Omega|del u|^2dV (1) appears in Dirichlet's principle. The ...

If there are two functions F_1(t) and F_2(t) with the same integral transform T[F_1(t)]=T[F_2(t)]=f(s), (1) then a null function can be defined by delta_0(t)=F_1(t)-F_2(t) ...