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Bayesian analysis is a statistical procedure which endeavors to estimate parameters of an underlying distribution based on the observed distribution. Begin with a "prior ...

Catalan (1876, 1891) noted that the sequence of Mersenne numbers 2^2-1=3, 2^3-1=7, and 2^7-1=127, and (OEIS A007013) were all prime (Dickson 2005, p. 22). Therefore, the ...

A coincidence is a surprising concurrence of events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection (Diaconis and Mosteller 1989). Given a large number ...

The line R[s]=1/2 in the complex plane on which the Riemann hypothesis asserts that all nontrivial (complex) Riemann zeta function zeros lie. The plot above shows the first ...

The cube-octahedron compound is a polyhedron compound composed of a cube and its dual polyhedron, the octahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

Find the figure bounded by a line which has the maximum area for a given perimeter. The solution is a semicircle. The problem is based on a passage from Virgil's Aeneid: "The ...

If a is an arbitrary integer relatively prime to n and g is a primitive root of n, then there exists among the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., phi(n)-1, where phi(n) is the totient ...

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

A fiveleaper graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "fiveleaper" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is ...

Given a function f(x), its inverse f^(-1)(x) is defined by f(f^(-1)(x))=f^(-1)(f(x))=x. (1) Therefore, f(x) and f^(-1)(x) are reflections about the line y=x. In the Wolfram ...