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Consider the plane figure obtained by drawing each diagonal in a regular polygon. If each point of intersection is associated with a node and diagonals are split ar each ...

A relation is any subset of a Cartesian product. For instance, a subset of A×B, called a "binary relation from A to B," is a collection of ordered pairs (a,b) with first ...

A relational system is a structure R=(S,{P_i:i in I},{f_j:j in J}) consisting of a set S, a collection of relations P_i(i in I) on S, and a collection of functions f_j(j in ...

Rényi entropy is defined as: H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n)=1/(1-alpha)ln(sum_(i=1)^np_i^alpha), where alpha>0, alpha!=1. As alpha->1, H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n) converges to ...

A method for predicting the onset of widespread chaos.

A retraction is a continuous map of a space onto a subspace leaving each point of the subspace fixed. Alternatively, retraction can refer to withdrawal of a paper containing ...

The logical axiom R(x,y)=!(!(x v y) v !(x v !y))=x, where !x denotes NOT and x v y denotes OR, that, when taken together with associativity and commutativity, is equivalent ...

The m×n rook complement graph K_m square K_n^_ is the graph complement of the m×n rook graph. It has vertex count mn and edge count 2(m; 2)(n; 2), where (n; k) is a binomial ...

A graph G whose line graph is L(G) is called the root graph R(L(G)) of L(G). In order words, R(L(G))=G. The root graph of a connected graph is unique except for K_3=C_3 (the ...

The function f(x,y)=(1-x)^2+100(y-x^2)^2 that is often used as a test problem for optimization algorithms (where a variation with 100 replaced by 105 is sometimes used; ...