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Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. As an upper case letter (Sigma), it is used as a symbol for sums and series. As a lower case letter (sigma) it ...

An algebraic integer of the form a+bsqrt(D) where D is squarefree forms a quadratic field and is denoted Q(sqrt(D)). If D>0, the field is called a real quadratic field, and ...

The conical spiral with angular frequency a on a cone of height h and radius r is a space curve given by the parametric equations x = (h-z)/hrcos(az) (1) y = (h-z)/hrsin(az) ...

An experiment E(S,F,P) is defined (Papoulis 1984, p. 30) as a mathematical object consisting of the following elements. 1. A set S (the probability space) of elements. 2. A ...

For any function f:A->B (where A and B are any sets), the kernel (also called the null space) is defined by Ker(f)={x:x in Asuch thatf(x)=0}, so the kernel gives the elements ...

A bounded linear operator T in B(H) on a Hilbert space H is said to be cyclic if there exists some vector v in H for which the set of orbits ...

Given an open subset U in n-dimensional space and two compact subsets C_0 and C_1 of U, where C_1 is derived from C_0 by a continuous motion, is it possible to move C_0 to ...

If M^n is a finite simplicial complex of dimension n>=5 that has the homotopy type of the sphere S^n and is locally piecewise linearly homeomorphic to the Euclidean space ...

A product space product_(i in I)X_i is compact iff X_i is compact for all i in I. In other words, the topological product of any number of compact spaces is compact. In ...

A square matrix is called Hermitian if it is self-adjoint. Therefore, a Hermitian matrix A=(a_(ij)) is defined as one for which A=A^(H), (1) where A^(H) denotes the conjugate ...