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A square with side lengths 1. The unit square usually means the one with coordinates (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) in the real plane, or 0, 1, 1+i, and i in the complex ...

If f is a continuous real-valued function on [a,b] and if any epsilon>0 is given, then there exists a polynomial p on [a,b] such that |f(x)-P(x)|<epsilon for all x in [a,b]. ...

Constants gamma such that [int_Omega|f|^qdx]^(1/q)<=gamma[int_Omegasum_(i=1)^N|(partialf)/(partialx_i)|^pdx]^(1/p), where f is a real-valued smooth function on a region Omega ...

Let f(x) be a real continuous monotonic strictly increasing function on the interval [0,a] with f(0)=0 and b<=f(a), then ab<=int_0^af(x)dx+int_0^bf^(-1)(y)dy, where f^(-1)(y) ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

The qubit |psi>=a|0>+b|1> can be represented as a point (theta,phi) on a unit sphere called the Bloch sphere. Define the angles theta and phi by letting a=cos(theta/2) and ...

The elliptic logarithm is generalization of integrals of the form int_infty^x(dt)/(sqrt(t^2+at)), for a real, which can be expressed in terms of logarithmic and inverse ...

Let Q(x) be a real or complex piecewise-continuous function defined for all values of the real variable x and that is periodic with minimum period pi so that Q(x+pi)=Q(x). ...

The jinc function is defined as jinc(x)=(J_1(x))/x, (1) where J_1(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind, and satisfies lim_(x->0)jinc(x)=1/2. The derivative of the jinc ...

If mu is a real measure (i.e., a measure that takes on real values), then one can decompose it according to where it is positive and negative. The positive variation is ...