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The modulus of a complex number z, also called the complex norm, is denoted |z| and defined by |x+iy|=sqrt(x^2+y^2). (1) If z is expressed as a complex exponential (i.e., a ...

The derivative of a function represents an infinitesimal change in the function with respect to one of its variables. The "simple" derivative of a function f with respect to ...

The first solution to Lamé's differential equation, denoted E_n^m(x) for m=1, ..., 2n+1. They are also called Lamé functions. The product of two ellipsoidal harmonics of the ...

A Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field is called exceptional if it is constructed from one of the root systems E_6, E_7, E_8, F_4, and G_2 by the Chevalley ...

The exponent laws, also called the laws of indices (Higgens 1998) or power rules (Derbyshire 2004, p. 65), are the rules governing the combination of exponents (powers). The ...

A fiber of a map f:X->Y is the preimage of an element y in Y. That is, f^(-1)(y)={x in X:f(x)=y}. For instance, let X and Y be the complex numbers C. When f(z)=z^2, every ...

A field automorphism of a field F is a bijective map sigma:F->F that preserves all of F's algebraic properties, more precisely, it is an isomorphism. For example, complex ...

A triple (a,b,c) of positive integers satisfying a<b<c is said to be geometric if ac=b^2. In particular, such a triple is geometric if its terms form a geometric sequence ...

A general quartic surface defined by x^4+y^4+z^4+a(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2+b(x^2+y^2+z^2)+c=0 (1) (Gray 1997, p. 314). The above two images correspond to (a,b,c)=(0,0,-1), and ...

Any locally compact Hausdorff topological group has a unique (up to scalars) nonzero left invariant measure which is finite on compact sets. If the group is Abelian or ...