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The graph distance matrix, sometimes also called the all-pairs shortest path matrix, is the square matrix (d_(ij)) consisting of all graph distances from vertex v_i to vertex ...

Bisection is the division of a given curve, figure, or interval into two equal parts (halves). A simple bisection procedure for iteratively converging on a solution which is ...

Consider a collection of diagonal matrices H_1,...,H_k, which span a subspace h. Then the ith eigenvalue, i.e., the ith entry along the diagonal, is a linear functional on h, ...

The Costa surface is a complete minimal embedded surface of finite topology (i.e., it has no boundary and does not intersect itself). It has genus 1 with three punctures ...

The dilogarithm Li_2(z) is a special case of the polylogarithm Li_n(z) for n=2. Note that the notation Li_2(x) is unfortunately similar to that for the logarithmic integral ...

The integer sequence beginning with a single digit in which the next term is obtained by describing the previous term. Starting with 1, the sequence would be defined by "1, ...

The integer sequence defined by the recurrence P(n)=P(n-2)+P(n-3) (1) with the initial conditions P(0)=3, P(1)=0, P(2)=2. This recurrence relation is the same as that for the ...

The q-analog of the Pochhammer symbol defined by (a;q)_k={product_(j=0)^(k-1)(1-aq^j) if k>0; 1 if k=0; product_(j=1)^(|k|)(1-aq^(-j))^(-1) if k<0; ...

The power A^n of a matrix A for n a nonnegative integer is defined as the matrix product of n copies of A, A^n=A...A_()_(n). A matrix to the zeroth power is defined to be the ...

Every semisimple Lie algebra g is classified by its Dynkin diagram. A Dynkin diagram is a graph with a few different kinds of possible edges. The connected components of the ...