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If there is no integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), i.e., if the congruence (35) has no solution, then q is said to be a quadratic nonresidue (mod p). If the congruence ...

The necessary condition for the polychoron to be regular (with Schläfli symbol {p,q,r}) and finite is cos(pi/q)<sin(pi/p)sin(pi/r). Sufficiency can be established by ...

The Riemann tensor (Schutz 1985) R^alpha_(betagammadelta), also known the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor (Weinberg 1972, p. 133; Arfken 1985, p. 123) or Riemann ...

The Royle graphs are the two unique simple graphs on eight nodes whose sigma polynomials have nonreal roots (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 265). The sigma polynomials of these ...

A list of five properties of a topological space X expressing how rich the "population" of open sets is. More precisely, each of them tells us how tightly a closed subset can ...

A solvable group is a group having a normal series such that each normal factor is Abelian. The special case of a solvable finite group is a group whose composition indices ...

Let X be a set of v>=3 elements together with a set B of 3-subset (triples) of X such that every 2-subset of X occurs in exactly one triple of B. Then B is called a Steiner ...

Stirling's approximation gives an approximate value for the factorial function n! or the gamma function Gamma(n) for n>>1. The approximation can most simply be derived for n ...

The stomachion is a 14-piece dissection puzzle similar to tangrams. It is described in fragmentary manuscripts attributed to Archimedes as noted by Magnus Ausonius (310-395 ...

The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...