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A strategy for the iterated prisoner's dilemma in which a prisoner cooperates on the first move, and thereafter copies the previous move of the other prisoner. Any better ...

A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

An element of an extension field of a field F which is not algebraic over F. A transcendental number is a complex number which is transcendental over the field Q of rational ...

If two curves of the same curve genus >1 are in rational correspondence, then that correspondence is birational.

The Yiu triangle DeltaO_AO_BO_C is the triangle formed by the centers of the Yiu circles. It has area where f(a,b,c) is a 12th-order polynomial and Delta is the area of the ...

A number n is called a k e-perfect number if sigma_e(n)=kn, where sigma_e(n) is the sum of the e-divisors of n.

In algebra, a period is a number that can be written an integral of an algebraic function over an algebraic domain. More specifically, a period is a real number ...

A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

A letter of the alphabet drawn with doubled vertical strokes is called doublestruck, or sometimes blackboard bold (because doublestruck characters provide a means of ...

A field is any set of elements that satisfies the field axioms for both addition and multiplication and is a commutative division algebra. An archaic name for a field is ...