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A region in a knot or link projection plane surrounded by a circle such that the knot or link crosses the circle exactly four times. Two tangles are equivalent if a sequence ...

The triangular orthobicupola is Johnson solid J_(27), consisting of eight equilateral triangles and six squares. If a triangular orthobicupola is oriented with triangles on ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/7 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 7 is not a ...

A universal differential equation (UDE) is a nontrivial differential-algebraic equation with the property that its solutions approximate to arbitrary accuracy any continuous ...

A vertex cut, also called a vertex cut set or separating set (West 2000, p. 148), of a connected graph G is a subset of the vertex set S subset= V(G) such that G-S has more ...

The simple process of voting leads to surprisingly counterintuitive paradoxes. For example, if three people vote for three candidates, giving the rankings A, B, C; B, C, A; ...

Analysis

The series h_q(-r)=sum_(n=1)^infty1/(q^n+r) (1) for q an integer other than 0 and +/-1. h_q and the related series Ln_q(-r+1)=sum_(n=1)^infty((-1)^n)/(q^n+r), (2) which is a ...

The number of digits D in an integer n is the number of numbers in some base (usually 10) required to represent it. The numbers 1 to 9 are therefore single digits, while the ...

The hundred-dollar, hundred-digits challenge problems are a set of ten problems in numerical analysis published in the January/February 2002 issue of SIAM News ...