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The classic treatise in geometry written by Euclid and used as a textbook for more than 1000 years in western Europe. An Arabic version The Elements appears at the end of the ...

The word quantile has no fewer than two distinct meanings in probability. Specific elements x in the range of a variate X are called quantiles, and denoted x (Evans et al. ...

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube [0,1)^s, the star discrepancy is defined as D_N^*(P)=sup_(J in Upsilon^*)D(J,P), (1) where the local ...

A nonreflexible regular map of genus 7 with eight graph vertices, 28 graph edges, and eight heptagonal faces.

Likelihood is the hypothetical probability that an event that has already occurred would yield a specific outcome. The concept differs from that of a probability in that a ...

A space X is locally pathwise-connected if for every neighborhood around every point in X, there is a smaller, pathwise-connected neighborhood.

A theorem in game theory which guarantees the existence of a set of mixed strategies for finite, noncooperative games of two or more players in which no player can improve ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...

A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.

A polyhedron with extra square faces, given by the Schläfli symbol r{p; q}.