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A cross-handle is a topological structure which can be thought of as the object produced by puncturing a surface twice, attaching a zip around each puncture travelling in the ...

A chord of a graph cycle C is an edge not in the edge set of C whose endpoints lie in the vertex set C (West 2000, p. 225). For example, in the diamond graph as labeled ...

A cylindric section is the intersection of a plane with a right circular cylinder. It is a circle (if the plane is at a right angle to the axis), an ellipse, or, if the plane ...

The inner and outer spheres tangent internally to a cone and also to a plane intersecting the cone are called Dandelin spheres. The spheres can be used to show that the ...

The dihedral group D_6 gives the group of symmetries of a regular hexagon. The group generators are given by a counterclockwise rotation through pi/3 radians and reflection ...

A set S is discrete in a larger topological space X if every point x in S has a neighborhood U such that S intersection U={x}. The points of S are then said to be isolated ...

A right triangle whose legs are in the ratio 2:1 is sometimes known as a "dom," a name derived from "half a domino." The name was suggested by Andrew Clarke and preferred in ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

The angle obtained by drawing the auxiliary circle of an ellipse with center O and focus F, and drawing a line perpendicular to the semimajor axis and intersecting it at A. ...

The edge connectivity, also called the line connectivity, of a graph is the minimum number of edges lambda(G) whose deletion from a graph G disconnects G. In other words, it ...