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The term diamond is another word for a rhombus. The term is also used to denote a square tilted at a 45 degrees angle. The diamond shape is a special case of the superellipse ...

Find a square number x^2 such that, when a given integer h is added or subtracted, new square numbers are obtained so that x^2+h=a^2 (1) and x^2-h=b^2. (2) This problem was ...

A coordinate system (mu,nu,psi) defined by the coordinate transformation x = (munu)/((mu^2+nu^2)^2)cospsi (1) y = (munu)/((mu^2+nu^2)^2)sinpsi (2) z = ...

Let a, b, and c be the lengths of the legs of a triangle opposite angles A, B, and C. Then the law of cosines states a^2 = b^2+c^2-2bccosA (1) b^2 = a^2+c^2-2accosB (2) c^2 = ...

A perfect cubic polynomial can be factored into a linear and a quadratic term, x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2). (2)

A point where a curve intersects itself along three arcs. The above plot shows the triple point at the origin of the trifolium (x^2+y^2)^2+3x^2y-y^3=0.

The Lorenz attractor is an attractor that arises in a simplified system of equations describing the two-dimensional flow of fluid of uniform depth H, with an imposed ...

Let n>1 be any integer and let lpf(n) (also denoted LD(n)) be the least integer greater than 1 that divides n, i.e., the number p_1 in the factorization ...

Let S(x) denote the number of positive integers not exceeding x which can be expressed as a sum of two squares (i.e., those n<=x such that the sum of squares function ...

A test for the primality of Fermat numbers F_n=2^(2^n)+1, with n>=2 and k>=2. Then the two following conditions are equivalent: 1. F_n is prime and (k/F_n)=-1, where (n/k) is ...