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A unit in a ring is an element u such that there exists u^(-1) where u·u^(-1)=1.

The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

A generalization of the Gaussian sum. For p and q of opposite parity (i.e., one is even and the other is odd), Schaar's identity states ...

A polyhedron that is dual to itself. For example, the tetrahedron is self-dual. Naturally, the skeleton of a self-dual polyhedron is a self-dual graph. Pyramids are ...

A topological space having a countable dense subset. An example is the Euclidean space R^n with the Euclidean topology, since it has the rational lattice Q^n as a countable ...

An algebraic surface of degree 7. The Labs septic is an example of a septic surface.

The nth-order Sierpiński carpet graph is the connectivity graph of black squares in the nth iteration of the Sierpiński carpet fractal. The first three iterations are shown ...

A graphical partitioning based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of a graph.

Two vector bundles are stably equivalent iff isomorphic vector bundles are obtained upon Whitney summing each vector bundle with a trivial vector bundle.

An expression built up from statements letters by appropriate application of connectives (Mendelson 1997, p. 13).