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After a half rotation of the coin on the left around the central coin (of the same radius), the coin undergoes a complete rotation. In other words, a coin makes two complete ...

A function H that maps an arbitrary length message M to a fixed length message digest MD is a collision-free hash function if 1. It is a one-way hash function. 2. It is hard ...

Combinatorial matrix theory is a rich branch of mathematics that combines combinatorics, graph theory, and linear algebra. It includes the theory of matrices with prescribed ...

A number which can be computed to any number of digits desired by a Turing machine. Surprisingly, most irrationals are not computable numbers!

The conditional intensity lambda(t) associated to a temporal point process N is defined to be the expected infinitesimal rate at which events are expected to occur around ...

A conical wedge is an ungula obtained by cutting a solid cone with a plane placed at an angle oblique to its base. For the special conical wedge obtained from a cone of ...

A connected set is a set that cannot be partitioned into two nonempty subsets which are open in the relative topology induced on the set. Equivalently, it is a set which ...

"The" continuity axiom is an additional Axiom which must be added to those of Euclid's Elements in order to guarantee that two equal circles of radius r intersect each other ...

A path in the complex plane over which contour integration is performed to compute a contour integral. When choosing a contour to evaluate an integral on the real line, a ...

A test to determine if a given series converges or diverges.