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Enclose a sphere in a cylinder and cut out a spherical segment by slicing twice perpendicularly to the cylinder's axis. Then the lateral surface area of the spherical segment ...

Let a_n and b_n be the perimeters of the circumscribed and inscribed n-gon and a_(2n) and b_(2n) the perimeters of the circumscribed and inscribed 2n-gon. Then a_(2n) = ...

An augmented matrix is a matrix obtained by adjoining a row or column vector, or sometimes another matrix with the same vertical dimension. The most common use of an ...

A parametric latitude which gives a sphere equal surface area relative to an ellipsoid. The authalic latitude is defined by beta=sin^(-1)(q/(q_p)), (1) where ...

The circumcircle of an ellipse, i.e., the circle whose center concurs with that of the ellipse and whose radius is equal to the ellipse's semimajor axis.

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence for any set a and a formula A(y) of a set x consisting of all elements of a satisfying A(y), exists x ...

Let P(x) be defined as the power series whose nth term has a coefficient equal to the nth prime p_n, P(x) = 1+sum_(k=1)^(infty)p_kx^k (1) = 1+2x+3x^2+5x^3+7x^4+11x^5+.... (2) ...

A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

The base manifold in a bundle is analogous to the domain for a set of functions. In fact, a bundle, by definition, comes with a map to the base manifold, often called pi or ...

k_nu(x)=(e^(-x))/(Gamma(1+1/2nu))U(-1/2nu,0,2x) for x>0, where U is a confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind.