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In his monumental treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, Gauss conjectured that the class number h(-d) of an imaginary quadratic field with binary quadratic form discriminant ...

An integer n is called a super unitary perfect number if sigma^*(sigma^*(n))=2n, where sigma^*(n) is the unitary divisor function. The first few are 2, 9, 165, 238, 1640, ... ...

As Lagrange showed, any irrational number alpha has an infinity of rational approximations p/q which satisfy |alpha-p/q|<1/(sqrt(5)q^2). (1) Furthermore, if there are no ...

As proved by Sierpiński (1960), there exist infinitely many positive odd numbers k such that k·2^n+1 is composite for every n>=1. Numbers k with this property are called ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

A number defined by b_n=b_n(0), where b_n(x) is a Bernoulli polynomial of the second kind (Roman 1984, p. 294), also called Cauchy numbers of the first kind. The first few ...

One form of van der Waerden's theorem states that for all positive integers k and r, there exists a constant n(r,k) such that if n_0>=n(r,k) and {1,2,...,n_0} subset C_1 ...

Isomorphic factorization colors the edges a given graph G with k colors so that the colored subgraphs are isomorphic. The graph G is then k-splittable, with k as the divisor, ...

A set of numbers obeying a pattern like the following: 91·37 = 3367 (1) 9901·3367 = 33336667 (2) 999001·333667 = 333333666667 (3) 99990001·33336667 = 3333333366666667 (4) 4^2 ...

By way of analogy with the eban numbers, aban numbers are defined as numbers whose English names do not contain the letter "a" (i.e., "a" is banned). Note that this ...