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The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2=p can be solved for p a prime iff p=1 (mod 4) or p=2. The representation is unique except for changes of sign or rearrangements of x and y. ...

A geometric sequence is a sequence {a_k}, k=0, 1, ..., such that each term is given by a multiple r of the previous one. Another equivalent definition is that a sequence is ...

Gieseking's constant is defined by G = int_0^(2pi/3)ln(2cos(1/2x))dx (1) = Cl_2(1/3pi) (2) = (3sqrt(3))/4[1-sum_(k=0)^(infty)1/((3k+2)^2)+sum_(k=1)^(infty)1/((3k+1)^2)] (3) = ...

A finite, increasing sequence of integers {n_1,...,n_m} such that sum_(i=1)^m1/(n_i)-product_(i=1)^m1/(n_i) in N. A sequence is a Giuga sequence iff it satisfies ...

The Goh-Schmutz constant is defined by the integrals C = int_0^infty(ln(1+t))/(e^t-1)dt (1) = int_0^inftyln[1-ln(1-e^(-t))]dt (2) = ...

G = int_0^infty(e^(-u))/(1+u)du (1) = -eEi(-1) (2) = 0.596347362... (3) (OEIS A073003), where Ei(x) is the exponential integral. Stieltjes showed it has the continued ...

The Hall-Montgomery constant is related to the multiplicative spectrum of completely multiplicative functions and has closed form delta_0 = ...

A generalization of the Euler L-function associated with a Grössencharakter.

Two numbers are heterogeneous if their prime factors are distinct. For example, 6=2·3 and 24=2^3·3 are not heterogeneous since their factors are each (2, 3).

The sequence defined by H(0)=0 and H(n)=n-H(H(H(n-1))). The first few terms are 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, ... (OEIS A005374).