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Let A={a_1,a_2,...} be a free Abelian semigroup, where a_1 is the identity element, and let mu(n) be the Möbius function. Define mu(a_n) on the elements of the semigroup ...

Nonparametric estimation is a statistical method that allows the functional form of a fit to data to be obtained in the absence of any guidance or constraints from theory. As ...

Let n be a positive integer and r(n) the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors of n (with r(1)=0). Let O(m) be the number of positive integers <=m with an odd ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then every even function h(rho) analytic in ...

There are several q-analogs of the cosine function. The two natural definitions of the q-cosine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by cos_q(z) = ...

The q-analog of integration is given by int_0^1f(x)d(q,x)=(1-q)sum_(i=0)^inftyf(q^i)q^i, (1) which reduces to int_0^1f(x)dx (2) in the case q->1^- (Andrews 1986 p. 10). ...

There are several q-analogs of the sine function. The two natural definitions of the q-sine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by sin_q(z) = ...

The inverse hyperbolic functions, sometimes also called the area hyperbolic functions (Spanier and Oldham 1987, p. 263) are the multivalued function that are the inverse ...

The smallest value of a set, function, etc. The minimum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted minA or min_(i)a_i, and is equal to the first element of a ...

A theorem which asserts that if a sequence or function behaves regularly, then some average of it behaves regularly. For example, A(x)∼x implies A_1(x)=int_0^xA(t)dt∼1/2x^2 ...