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Let G be a subgroup of the modular group Gamma. Then an open subset R_G of the upper half-plane H is called a fundamental region of G if 1. No two distinct points of R_G are ...

A projective space is a space that is invariant under the group G of all general linear homogeneous transformation in the space concerned, but not under all the ...

A monoid is a set that is closed under an associative binary operation and has an identity element I in S such that for all a in S, Ia=aI=a. Note that unlike a group, its ...

Given three curves phi_1, phi_2, phi_3 with the common group of ordinary points G (which may be empty), let their remaining groups of intersections g_(23), g_(31), and g_(12) ...

A monoid that is commutative i.e., a monoid M such that for every two elements a and b in M, ab=ba. This means that commutative monoids are commutative, associative, and have ...

An element admitting a multiplicative or additive inverse. In most cases, the choice between these two options is clear from the context, as, for example, in a monoid, where ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

The identity element of an additive monoid or group or of any other algebraic structure (e.g., ring, module, abstract vector space, algebra) equipped with an addition. It is ...

The product of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object P=product_(i in I)X_i, together with a family of morphisms {p_i:P->X_i}_(i in I) such that for ...

The Livingstone graph is a distance-transitive graph on 266 vertices defined in terms of the Janko group J_1. It has intersection array {11,10,6,1;1,1,5,11}. The Livingstone ...