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The term "homology group" usually means a singular homology group, which is an Abelian group which partially counts the number of holes in a topological space. In particular, ...

A linear transformation A:R^n->R^n is hyperbolic if none of its eigenvalues has modulus 1. This means that R^n can be written as a direct sum of two A-invariant subspaces E^s ...

If sets E and F are independent, then so are E and F^', where F^' is the complement of F (i.e., the set of all possible outcomes not contained in F). Let union denote "or" ...

An invariant series of a group G is a normal series I=A_0<|A_1<|...<|A_r=G such that each A_i<|G, where H<|G means that H is a normal subgroup of G.

A polynomial map phi_(f), with f=(f_1,...,f_n) in (K[X_1,...,X_n])^m in a field K is called invertible if there exist g_1,...,g_m in K[X_1,...,x_n] such that ...

A homotopy from one embedding of a manifold M in N to another such that at every time, it is an embedding. The notion of isotopy is category independent, so notions of ...

Given a matrix A, a Jordan basis satisfies Ab_(i,1)=lambda_ib_(i,1) and Ab_(i,j)=lambda_ib_(i,j)+b_(i,j-1), and provides the means by which any complex matrix A can be ...

The Maclaurin-Bézout theorem says that two curves of degree n intersect in n^2 points, so two cubics intersect in nine points. This means that n(n+3)/2 points do not always ...

The number 1000000=10^6. While one million in the "American" system of numbers means the same thing as one million in the "British" system, the words billion, trillion, etc., ...

A mixed fraction is an improper fraction p/q>1 written in the form n+r/s. In common usage such as cooking recipes, n+r/s is often written as n r/s (e.g., 1 1/2), much to the ...