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Gauss's forward formula is f_p=f_0+pdelta_(1/2)+G_2delta_0^2+G_3delta_(1/2)^3+G_4delta_0^4+G_5delta_(1/2)^5+..., (1) for p in [0,1], where delta is the central difference and ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then an atomic statement ...

Let sumu_k be a series with positive terms and let f(x) be the function that results when k is replaced by x in the formula for u_k. If f is decreasing and continuous for ...

The Kreisel conjecture is a conjecture in proof theory that postulates that, if phi(x) is a formula in the language of arithmetic for which there exists a nonnegative integer ...

Let ||f|| be the supremum of |f(x)|, a real-valued function f defined on (0,infty). If f is twice differentiable and both f and f^('') are bounded, Landau (1913) showed that ...

The Löwenheim-Skolem theorem is a fundamental result in model theory which states that if a countable theory has a model, then it has a countable model. Furthermore, it has a ...

A modification of Legendre's formula for the prime counting function pi(x). It starts with |_x_| = (1) where |_x_| is the floor function, P_2(x,a) is the number of integers ...

The number of multisets of length k on n symbols is sometimes termed "n multichoose k," denoted ((n; k)) by analogy with the binomial coefficient (n; k). n multichoose k is ...

The symbol +/- is used to denote a quantity which should be both added and subtracted, as in a+/-b. The symbol can be used to denote a range of uncertainty, or to denote a ...

A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2. A univariate quadratic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a quadratic polynomial is ...