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Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

An important theorem in plane geometry, also known as Hero's formula. Given the lengths of the sides a, b, and c and the semiperimeter s=1/2(a+b+c) (1) of a triangle, Heron's ...

Landau (1911) proved that for any fixed x>1, sum_(0<|I[rho]|<=T)x^rho=-T/(2pi)Lambda(x)+O(lnT) as T->infty, where the sum runs over the nontrivial Riemann zeta function zeros ...

Legendre's formula counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to a number x which are not divisible by any of the first a primes, (1) where |_x_| is the floor ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

V_t=e^(-ytau)S_tN(d_1)-e^(-rtau)KN(d_2), where N is the cumulative normal distribution and d_1,d_2=(log((S_t)/K)+(r-y+/-1/2sigma^2)tau)/(sigmasqrt(tau)). If y=0, this is the ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic sentential formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS, then a clause ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then a literal obtained from ...

A formula for the number of Young tableaux associated with a given Ferrers diagram. In each box, write the sum of one plus the number of boxes horizontally to the right and ...

Let I be a set, and let U be an ultrafilter on I, let phi be a formula of a given language L, and let {A_i:i in I} be any collection of structures which is indexed by the set ...