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A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3, .... In formal set theory, a cardinal number (also called "the ...

A discontinuity is point at which a mathematical object is discontinuous. The left figure above illustrates a discontinuity in a one-variable function while the right figure ...

A short mnemonic for remembering the first seven decimal digits of pi is "How I wish I could calculate pi" (C. Heckman, pers. comm., Feb. 3, 2005). Eight digits are given by ...

In most modern literature, a Boolean model is a probabilistic model of continuum percolation theory characterized by the existence of a stationary point process X and a ...

A generating function f(x) is a formal power series f(x)=sum_(n=0)^inftya_nx^n (1) whose coefficients give the sequence {a_0,a_1,...}. The Wolfram Language command ...

A manifold is a topological space that is locally Euclidean (i.e., around every point, there is a neighborhood that is topologically the same as the open unit ball in R^n). ...

A permutation, also called an "arrangement number" or "order," is a rearrangement of the elements of an ordered list S into a one-to-one correspondence with S itself. The ...

Abstract Algebra

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...