Search Results for ""

The shortest circular sequence of length sigma^n such that every string of length n on the alphabet a of size sigma occurs as a contiguous subrange of the sequence described ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

Given a 111×111 (0,1)-matrix, fill 11 spaces in each row in such a way that all columns also have 11 spaces filled. Furthermore, each pair of rows must have exactly one ...

If p and q are distinct odd primes, then the quadratic reciprocity theorem states that the congruences x^2=q (mod p) x^2=p (mod q) (1) are both solvable or both unsolvable ...

A solitary number is a number which does not have any friends. Solitary numbers include all primes, prime powers, and numbers for which (n,sigma(n))=1, where (a,b) is the ...

The smallest nontrivial taxicab number, i.e., the smallest number representable in two ways as a sum of two cubes. It is given by 1729=1^3+12^3=9^3+10^3. The number derives ...

(1) Based on or involving trial and error. (2) Convincing without being rigorous.

There are two related conjectures, each called the twin prime conjecture. The first version states that there are an infinite number of pairs of twin primes (Guy 1994, p. ...

The prime number theorem gives an asymptotic form for the prime counting function pi(n), which counts the number of primes less than some integer n. Legendre (1808) suggested ...

Mann's theorem is a theorem widely circulated as the "alpha-beta conjecture" that was subsequently proven by Mann (1942). It states that if A and B are sets of integers each ...