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The terms of equational logic are built up from variables and constants using function symbols (or operations). Identities (equalities) of the form s=t, (1) where s and t are ...

If A=>B and B=>A (i.e., A=>B ^ B=>A, where => denotes implies), then A and B are said to be equivalent, a relationship which is written symbolically in this work as A=B. The ...

If P is a pedal point inside a triangle DeltaABC, and P_A, P_B, and P_C are the feet of the perpendiculars from P upon the respective sides BC, CA, and AB, then ...

Erfc is the complementary error function, commonly denoted erfc(z), is an entire function defined by erfc(z) = 1-erf(z) (1) = 2/(sqrt(pi))int_z^inftye^(-t^2)dt. (2) It is ...

The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is the fundamental equation of calculus of variations. It states that if J is defined by an integral of the form J=intf(t,y,y^.)dt, ...

A differential evolution method used to minimize functions of real variables. Evolution strategies are significantly faster at numerical optimization than traditional genetic ...

Consider a first-order ODE in the slightly different form p(x,y)dx+q(x,y)dy=0. (1) Such an equation is said to be exact if (partialp)/(partialy)=(partialq)/(partialx). (2) ...

Exterior algebra is the algebra of the wedge product, also called an alternating algebra or Grassmann algebra. The study of exterior algebra is also called Ausdehnungslehre ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

Faà di Bruno's formula gives an explicit equation for the nth derivative of the composition f(g(t)). If f(t) and g(t) are functions for which all necessary derivatives are ...