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Let U(P,Q) and V(P,Q) be Lucas sequences generated by P and Q, and define D=P^2-4Q. (1) Let n be an odd composite number with (n,D)=1, and n-(D/n)=2^sd with d odd and s>=0, ...

A variety V of algebras is a strong variety provided that for each subvariety W of V, and each algebra A in V, if A is generated by its W- subalgebras, then A in W. In strong ...

A strongly binary tree is a rooted tree for which the root is adjacent to either zero or two vertices, and all non-root vertices are adjacent to either one or three vertices ...

A graph is strongly perfect if every induced subgraph H has an independent vertex set meeting all maximal cliques of H (Berge and Duchet 1984, Ravindra 1999). Every strongly ...

Let L be a language of the first-order logic. Assume that the language L has the following sets of nonlogical symbols: 1. C is the set of constant symbols of L. (These are ...

The probability density function for Student's z-distribution is given by f_n(z)=(Gamma(n/2))/(sqrt(pi)Gamma((n-1)/2))(1+z^2)^(-n/2). (1) Now define ...

A collection of subsets of a topological space that is contained in a basis of the topology and can be completed to a basis when adding all finite intersections of the ...

A subgraph G^' of a graph G is a graph G^' whose vertex set and edge set are subsets of those of G. If G^' is a subgraph of G, then G is said to be a supergraph of G^' ...

For a particular format in the IEEE 754-2008 framework, a subnormal number is a nonzero floating-point number with magnitude less than the magnitude of that formatÕs smallest ...

The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...